If you need some help to compile the whole thing, I can only explain how to do it under Linux, but maybe someone can explain how to do it under Windows (there might also be some info at
http://tremulous.net/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=587). Here is how to do it under Linux:
1. Unpack tremulous-1.1.0-src.tar.gz and open a terminal in the newly created tremulous-1.1.0-src directory.
2. Modify the source files as you wish.
3. Type 'make' in the terminal you opened at step 1. If there is no error, this should compile everything and create a directory like 'build/release-linux-x86'.
4. Go into 'build/release-linux-x86/base'. There should be a 'vm' directory with files cgame.qvm, game.qvm, ui.qvm and vm.d. Delete vm.d (I am not sure if it is required or not, but it does not harm) and zip the 'vm' directory. Be careful, it is important to zip the directory itself, not the files it contains. Rename the zip file to 'vms-1.1.0.pk3'.
5. In 'build/release-linux-x86', there should be an executable file like 'tremulous.x86'. This is the executable you need to run to start the game. Copy this executable along with the 'base' directory of tremulous (containing a bunch of .pk3 files) in a new directory.
6. In this copy of 'base', overwrite 'vms-1.1.0.pk3' with the one you created at step 4.
7. Run the copy of the executable.
That's it, it is a bit tedious but it works. If you want to make other modifications, just modify the source files, rerun make, rebuild 'vms-1.1.0.pk3', update the copy of the executable and redo steps 6 and 7.
Important notice: this modified 'vms-1.1.0.pk3' will make you an 'unpure client' in Tremulous terminology. You will not be able to connect to most servers, but a few ones like '|SST| Tremulous' accept unpure clients (I guess they are used by mod developers). I found a way to hack the source code which prevents servers to detect that the client is unpure, but it is not really a good idea since the purpose of this mechanism is to ensure that developers can run tests on specific servers before their mods are included in an official release.