One thing that I'd like to point out as this debate gets going that I either missed in Beerbitch's essay, or was not there is that evolution does not have "choice".
On the OPP forum thread, Clayborn argued "Why didn't evolution just make a smart ape which could survive better?".
That's because evolution isn't out looking around, "OH, LOOK, APES ARE STRONG. LET'S MAKE THEM SMART TOO."
Simply, it's just what happens, happens.
Evolution itself is not a force, but rather, a grouping of events that are widely accepted, but get all controversial-like when put together.
Here's three things that I don't really think anyone could refute:
1) Offspring are like their parents.
2) Something that is dead cannot have offspring.
3) If something is better suited for where it lives, it will survive better than things that aren't.*
*There are of course, situational outliers; in general, it stands true.
Those are really the basic principles of evolution.
Here's some examples for those three things:
1) You are like your parents, right?
If you breed two dogs, the puppies are going to look something like the parent dogs, right? **
**Again, there are outliers in which the offspring are more like higher generations in the family, due to recessive and dominant genes.
2) Do I really even need to say this one?
You shoot a deer. It dies. Is it going to magically spring to life and go have sex?
I highly doubt it.
3) Let's say, there if a big room with mice in it. These mice are of different sizes.
The way to get food is to go through a hole, which has food on the other side.
Mice that are too large for the hole will not get through, therefore, they will not eat and will die of starvation.
These smaller mice who can fit through the hole are better suited to the environment of the large room with a hole in it and will survive better than the large mice who are not suited for that same area.
Now, let's expand on #3 a bit. So, these small mice are suited for this box and living. These not dead mice can live long enough to have babies, which will be like them, relying on property #1. The large mice who are not eating are dying, so, they cannot have babies, which will soon make less and less big mice.
This is all I feel like typing up for now, I'll add in a bit more in a bit.